During his decades living in exile, the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibet, has published dozens of books — including two autobiographies and works on ethics, Buddhist philosophy and practice, and the overlap between religion and science. But he has rarely delved extensively into raw politics.

在幾十年的流亡生活中，西藏精神領袖達賴喇嘛出版了數十本書，其中包括兩本自傳和內容涉及倫理、佛教哲學與實踐，以及宗教與科學的交集的著作。但他很少涉足純粹的政治。

Now, in “Voice for the Voiceless: Over Seven Decades of Struggle With China for My Land and My People,” which comes out in March, he offers his first detailed account of his fraught negotiations with a succession of China’s leaders, from meeting with Mao Zedong when he was just 19, to his more recent attempts to communicate with President Xi Jinping and other Chinese officials. It also delves into the Dalai Lama’s efforts to preserve Tibet’s unique culture, religion and language, and to ensure protections for Tibetans living under Chinese rule.

現在，在3月即將出版的《為無聲者發聲：為我的家鄉和人民與中國抗爭七十餘年》(Voice for the Voiceless: Over Seven Decades of Struggle With China for My Land and My People)一書中，達賴喇嘛首次詳細描述了他與歷任中國領導人之間充滿爭議的談判，從他19歲時與毛澤東的會面，到他近期試圖與習近平和其他中國官員進行溝通。該書還深入探討了達賴喇嘛為保護西藏獨特的文化、宗教和語言，以及確保生活在中國統治下的藏人受到保護所做的努力。

The book arrives at a particularly tenuous moment for the Tibetan people, with an ascendant China flexing its military and economic muscle around the world, and with Tibet’s aging leader trying to ensure that Tibetans’ struggle for autonomy isn’t forgotten amid other global crises.

這本書的出版正值西藏人民處於一個特別脆弱的時刻，崛起的中國在世界各地展示其軍事和經濟實力，而這位年邁的西藏領導人正努力確保西藏人民爭取自治的鬥爭不會在其他全球危機中被遺忘。

As he nears 90, the Dalai Lama writes, he aims to leave a record of his work, and guidance for those who take up the Tibetan cause after his death.

達賴喇嘛寫道，在臨近90歲之際，他的目標是留下工作記錄，並為他死後從事西藏事業的人提供指導。

“Despite all the suffering and destruction, we still hold fast to the hope for a peaceful resolution of our struggle for freedom and dignity,” the Dalai Lama said in a statement. “Drawing on the lessons learned from my decades of engagement with Beijing, the book also aims to offer some thoughts on what might be the way forward.”

「儘管遭受了種種苦難和破壞，我們仍然堅定地抱有希望通過和平方式解決我們爭取自由和尊嚴的鬥爭，」達賴喇嘛在一份聲明中表示。「這本書汲取了我數十年來與北京接觸的經驗教訓，還試圖提供一些關於前進道路的思考。」

He continued, “My hope is that the book will stimulate fresh thoughts and conversations today and provide a framework for the future of Tibet even after I am gone.”

他繼續說：「我希望這本書能在今天激發新的思考和對話，並為西藏的未來提供一個框架，即使在我離開之後也是如此。」

Born into a farming family in 1935 in what was then northeastern Tibet, the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, was recognized at age 2 as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, and began monastic training and Buddhist philosophical studies.

達賴喇嘛丹增嘉措1935年出生於當時西藏東北部的一個農民家庭，兩歲時被認定為十三世達賴喇嘛的轉世靈童，並開始接受寺院訓練和學習佛教哲學。

When Chinese troops entered Tibet in 1950, he suddenly, at age 16, had to become Tibet’s political leader and guide the country through the crisis. Tibet’s right to independence has been in dispute ever since. In 1959, during the Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama fled the country for India, and he has never returned.

1950年，中國軍隊進入西藏，年僅16歲的他突然不得不成為西藏的政治領袖，帶領西藏度過危機。從那時起，西藏的獨立權就一直存在爭議。1959年，在西藏起義期間，達賴喇嘛逃離西藏前往印度，再未返回故土。

“I had hoped that I would be able to go back at least once before I die,” he writes. “This is looking increasingly unlikely.”

「我曾希望能在死之前至少回去一次，」他寫道。「這看起來越來越不可能了。」

In “Voice for the Voiceless,” the Dalai Lama describes the personal toll that came with bearing responsibility for leading Tibet from a young age. He recalls meeting with Mao, the Chinese Communist Party’s supreme leader, who revealed his disdain for Tibet’s deeply spiritual culture.

在《為無聲者發聲》一書中，達賴喇嘛描述了從年輕時就肩負起領導西藏所帶來的個人代價。他回憶起與中國共產黨最高領導人毛澤東會面時，後者表達了對西藏深厚宗教文化的輕蔑。

He describes how, after years of fruitless negotiations with Chinese leaders, he came to the decision that fighting for Tibetan independence was a lost cause. Instead, he began advocating for Tibetans to have cultural autonomy within China, rather than full independence.

他描述了自己是如何在與中國領導人多年的談判無果後，認定爭取西藏獨立是一項無望的事業。於是他開始倡導藏人在中國境內享有文化自治，而不是完全獨立。

He acknowledges that his moderate stance infuriated some Tibetans who felt he had abandoned their hope for restoring independence, and concedes that his approach has largely failed to get results. He also expresses his conflicting feelings about Tibetans who have self-immolated as a form of protest, noting that he sees their actions as a result of profound helplessness, even as he disagrees with their methods and insists on nonviolent protest as the only morally defensible form of resistance.

他承認自己的溫和立場激怒了一些藏人，他們認為他放棄了藏人恢復獨立的希望，他也承認自己的做法在很大程度上未能取得成效。他還對以自焚作為抗議方式的藏人表達了矛盾的情感，指出他認為他們的行為是極度無助的結果，儘管他不贊同他們的方式，並堅持認為非暴力抗議是唯一在道義上站得住腳的反抗方式。

In 2011, the Dalai Lama stepped down as the political leader of Tibet, paving the way for the Tibetan government in exile to elect its political leaders. He notes that his formal dialogue with the Chinese government over the status of Tibet stalled in 2010, but he continued to have informal and sometimes confidential contact with Chinese leaders until 2019.

2011年，達賴喇嘛卸任西藏政治領導人，為西藏流亡政府選舉政治領導人鋪平了道路。他指出，他與中國政府就西藏地位問題的正式對話在2010年陷入僵局，但他繼續與中國領導人保持非正式的，有時是保密的接觸，直到2019年。

In the years since, he has watched with alarm as China has continued its efforts to force Tibetans to assimilate, using tactics that include placing Tibetan children in boarding schools where they learn in Mandarin and are taught that the Chinese liberated Tibetans from serfdom. He also delivers blunt criticism of China’s treatment of its own citizens.

在那之後的幾年裡，他震驚地發現，中國一直在強行同化藏人，手段包括將藏族兒童送入寄宿學校，讓他們在那裡用普通話學習，並向他們灌輸漢人將藏人從農奴制下解放出來的觀念。他還直言不諱地批評了中國對待本國公民的方式。

“Judging by Xi’s last decade in office, when it comes to individual freedom and everyday life, China seems to be reverting to the oppressive policies of Mao’s time, but now enforced through state-of-the-art digital technologies of surveillance and control,” he writes.

他寫道：「從習近平執政的上個十年來看，在個人自由和日常生活方面，中國似乎又回到了毛澤東時代的高壓政策，只不過現在是通過最先進的數字監控和控制技術來執行的。」

The Dalai Lama also addresses the fraught issue of his own succession.

達賴喇嘛還談到了關於他的繼任者這一棘手問題。

Tibetan Buddhists believe that the Dalai Lama is the 14th reincarnation of previous Dalai Lamas, and that he is an enlightened being who returns in successive lives to continue his work as a spiritual leader. But the Dalai Lama has warned that China might try to choose the 15th Dalai Lama after his death, as it has done with the Panchen Lama, another high-level Tibetan spiritual leader.

藏傳佛教信徒認為，達賴喇嘛是歷代達賴喇嘛的第十四世轉世，他是一個開悟者，會連續幾世轉世，繼續他作為精神領袖的工作。但達賴喇嘛警告，中國可能會試圖在他死後選擇第十五世達賴喇嘛，就像對西藏另一位高級精神領袖班禪喇嘛所做的那樣。

To avoid Chinese interference, the Dalai Lama has said he will reincarnate in “the free world,” outside Tibet or China. And when he turns 90 this year, he writes, he will consult Tibetan religious leaders and citizens about whether they want to end the institution of the Dalai Lama altogether.

為了避免中國的干涉，達賴喇嘛說他將在西藏或中國以外的「自由世界」轉世。他寫道，在今年年滿90歲時，他將徵求西藏宗教領袖和民眾的意見，看他們是否希望徹底終止達賴喇嘛制度。

“Voice for the Voiceless” will be published by William Morrow in the United States and HarperNonFiction in Britain on March 11, and later released in Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, France, Holland and Brazil. It is also being published in Tibetan and translated into Chinese, in hopes that it might influence some Chinese readers, said Thupten Jinpa, the Dalai Lama’s longtime translator, though the book will very likely be banned in China.

《為無聲者發聲》將於3月11日由美國威廉·莫羅出版社和英國哈珀非虛構出版社出版，隨後將在澳洲、加拿大、德國、義大利、法國、荷蘭和巴西發行。達賴喇嘛的長期譯者圖登晉巴說，這本書還將以藏文出版，並翻譯成中文，希望它能影響一些中國讀者，儘管這本書很可能在中國被禁。

“He wanted a testimony and an account of the evolution of his thinking,” Jinpa said. “This book is an attempt to present in a single volume all of his efforts, in not only reaching out to the Chinese for a negotiated settlement, but also rebuilding Tibetan civilization in exile.”

「他想要一份證詞，記錄他思維的演變。」圖登晉巴說。「這本書試圖在一本著作中呈現他所有的努力，不僅是向中國方面尋求通過談判解決的努力，也包括在流亡中重建西藏文明的努力。」