The premise of “Oppenheimer,” Christopher Nolan’s biopic, is straightforward: tell the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the physicist known as the “father of the atomic bomb.” But, as with the director’s other movies, the execution is far from simple. The film skips between time periods, and it features a dizzying array of scientists, politicians and possible Communist agents amid a series of government hearings.

克里斯托弗·諾蘭的傳記片《奧本海默》的基本設定很簡單：講述被譽為「原子彈之父」的物理學家J·羅伯特·奧本海默的故事。但是，與這位導演的其他電影一樣，該片的呈現過程絕非簡單。這部電影在不同的時代之間跳躍，在一連串政府聽證會中出現了一系列令人眼花撩亂的科學家、政治人士和疑似共產黨特工。

Here’s a guide to help you keep track of the real-life characters and events of the movie.

以下這份指南可以幫助你了解電影中出現的真實人物和事件。

The American theoretical physicist (played by Cillian Murphy) spearheaded the development of the atomic bomb through the Manhattan Project.

通過曼哈頓計劃主持原子彈研製工作的美國理論物理學家。

Born in New York City in 1904, Oppenheimer spent his undergraduate years at Harvard before moving to Cambridge, England, for graduate work in physics. There, he grew frustrated with his tutor’s insistence that he focus on lab work instead of theory and is reported to have given the man, Patrick Blackett, a poisoned apple. The tutor never ate the apple, but university officials placed him on probation. That said, the episode is the subject of conflicting stories.

奧本海默1904年出生於紐約市，在哈佛大學讀完本科後前往英格蘭劍橋大學攻讀物理學研究生。在那裡，他對導師派翠克·布萊克特堅持讓他專注於實驗室工作而不是理論感到不滿，據說他曾給布萊克特一個有毒的蘋果。導師沒有吃，但大學官員對奧本海默處以留校察看。不過，這段往事坊間存在不同的版本。

After receiving his doctorate in physics at a German university, Oppenheimer accepted professorships at the University of California, Berkeley, and the California Institute of Technology, helping to pioneer work in an American school of theoretical physics.

在德國一所大學獲得物理學博士學位後，奧本海默接受了加州大學柏克萊分校和加州理工學院的教授職位，成為美國理論物理學先驅人物。

With World War II well underway, Oppenheimer was appointed director of Los Alamos, part of the mammoth effort to develop the bomb. Having fallen in love with New Mexico when he was sent there as a boy to recover from dysentery, he established a secret lab in the desert of Los Alamos, N.M., coordinating efforts by top physicists and engineers that culminated in the first nuclear explosion, at Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, known as the Trinity test.

隨著第二次世界大戰的深入，奧本海默被任命為洛斯阿拉莫斯研究所所長，該所是龐大的原子彈研發計劃的一部分。他曾在兒時被送往新墨西哥州治療痢疾，並且十分喜歡那裡。他在新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的沙漠中建立了一個祕密實驗室，協調眾多頂尖物理學家和工程師的工作，最終於1945年7月16日在阿拉莫戈多成功進行了第一次核爆炸，那次試驗被稱為「三位一體試驗」。

He later directed the Institute for Advanced Study, an independent center for theoretical research, in Princeton, N.J., and became chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission.

後來，他領導了位於紐澤西州普林斯頓的獨立理論研究中心普林斯頓高等研究院，並成為原子能委員會總顧問委員會主席。

Oppenheimer’s primary antagonist in the film, Strauss (Robert Downey Jr.) was chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and a leader of the campaign to revoke Oppenheimer’s security clearance.

奧本海默在影片中的頭號對手施特勞斯是原子能委員會主席，帶頭運作了撤銷奧本海默安全權限一事。

Born in West Virginia, he worked variously as a traveling shoe salesman, an investment bank partner and a bureaucrat helping the future president Herbert Hoover’s Food Administration during World War I. After World War II, President Harry S. Truman appointed Strauss to the Atomic Energy Commission and he became its chairman, pushing for the development of the hydrogen bomb. Strauss later served as acting secretary of commerce under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, but his nomination was rejected by the Senate, in part because of the scientific community’s outrage over his treatment of Oppenheimer.

他出生於西維吉尼亞州，曾做過旅遊鞋履推銷員、投資銀行合伙人，在第一次世界大戰期間是未來總統胡佛的食品管理局裡的一名官員。第二次世界大戰後，杜魯門總統任命施特勞斯負責原子能部門。他成為該部門的委員會主席，推動氫彈的發展。施特勞斯後來在艾森豪威爾政府中擔任商務部代部長，但他的提名被參議院拒絕，部分原因是科學界對他對待奧本海默的方式感到憤怒。

An active member of the Bay Area’s Communist Party, Tatlock (Florence Pugh) was a graduate student at Stanford Medical School when she began dating Oppenheimer in 1936. She helped introduce him to Communist activists, fueling his left-leaning sympathies. She ended her relationship with Oppenheimer in 1939, even as he continued to visit her. Their last meeting, in June 1943, was surveilled by F.B.I. agents. In 1944, the 29-year-old Tatlock was found dead in her bathroom. Most historians conclude she died by suicide.

塔特洛克是灣區共產黨的活躍成員，1936年開始與奧本海默約會時，她是史丹佛大學醫學院的一名研究生。她幫他引見了共產主義活動人士，加深了他對左翼的同情。1939年，她結束了兩人的關係，不過奧本海默還是會去看她。他們最後一次會面是在1943年6月，當時受到聯邦調查局的監視。1944年，29歲的塔特洛克被發現死在她的浴室裡。大多數歷史學家得出的結論是她死於自殺。

Born in 1920 in Washington, D.C., Borden (David Dastmalchian) had degrees from Yale and Yale Law. He eventually worked as legislative secretary for a Connecticut senator, Brien McMahon, and became staff director of the congressional Joint Committee on Atomic Energy in 1949.

博登1920年出生於華盛頓，擁有耶魯大學和耶魯法學院學位。他後來擔任過康乃狄克州參議員布賴恩·麥克馬洪的立法秘書，並於1949年成為國會原子能聯合委員會的幕僚主任。

In 1953, most likely with the encouragement of Strauss, he sent a letter to the F.B.I. director, J. Edgar Hoover, suggesting that “more probably than not J. Robert Oppenheimer is an agent of the Soviet Union.” This was the catalyst for a closed-door hearing about Oppenheimer’s Communist ties — depicted in the film — and the eventual revocation of his security clearance.

1953年，很可能是在施特勞斯的鼓勵下，他給聯邦調查局局長J·埃德加·胡佛寫了一封信，表示「J·羅伯特·奧本海默很可能是蘇聯特工」。這封信進一步推動了一場關於奧本海默與共產主義關係的閉門聽證會的進行——電影中重現了這一場景——並最終撤銷了他的安全權限。

A Nobel Prize-winning scientist, Lawrence (Josh Hartnett) was born in 1901 in South Dakota. He earned a doctorate in physics from Yale and became a professor of physics at U.C. Berkeley, where he invented the cyclotron, a particle accelerator that was instrumental to the development of the atomic bomb. It was Lawrence who helped introduce Oppenheimer to the Manhattan Project. After the war, he advocated for the development of hydrogen nuclear weapons.

獲得過諾貝爾獎的科學家勞倫斯1901年出生於南達科他州。他在耶��大學獲得物理學博士學位，並成為加州大學柏克萊分校的物理學教授。他在柏克萊發明了回旋加速器，這是一種粒子加速器，對原子彈的研製發揮了重要作用。勞倫斯將奧本海默引薦給曼哈頓計劃。戰後，他主張發展氫核武器。

Born in Budapest, Teller (Benny Safdie) earned his physics doctorate in Germany and was later offered a professorship at George Washington University, becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1941. Known for his research into nuclear energy, he joined Oppenheimer’s team at Los Alamos, where he worked in the theoretical physics division.

泰勒出生於布達佩斯，在德國獲得物理學博士學位，後來獲得喬治華盛頓大學教授職位，並於1941年獲得美國籍。他因核能研究而聞名，加入了奧本海默在洛斯阿拉莫斯的團隊，在那裡的理論物理部門工作。

Teller was obsessed with hydrogen energy and the development of a hydrogen bomb, which led him to butt heads with other members of the Manhattan Project. After the Soviet Union tested an atomic weapon in 1949, Teller became a primary proponent of developing hydrogen bombs to gain leverage in the Cold War.

泰勒痴迷於氫能和氫彈的開發，這導致他與曼哈頓計劃的其他成員發生衝突。1949年蘇聯試驗原子武器後，泰勒成為開發氫彈以在冷戰中獲得��勢的主要支持者。

He later testified against Oppenheimer in the closed-door hearing, saying, “I feel I would prefer to see the vital interests of this country in hands that I understand better and therefore trust more.”

他後來在閉門聽證會上指證奧本海默，他說：「我覺得我更願意看到這個國家的切身利益掌握在我更了解、因此更信任的人的手中。」

Yes, they were colleagues at the Institute for Advanced Study. “Though I knew Einstein for two or three decades, it was only in the last decade of his life that we were close colleagues and something of friends,” Oppenheimer wrote in The New York Review of Books in 1966.

是的，他們在普林斯頓高等研究院是同事。「雖然我認識愛因斯坦已有二、三十年了，但直到他生命的最後十年，我們才成為親密的同事和朋友，」1966年奧本海默在《紐約書評》的文章中寫道。

However, Nolan has admitted that he made up a key scene between the two: At one point, Oppenheimer goes to the taciturn Einstein for advice on calculations by the Los Alamos team, which showed that the Trinity test could be contained and wouldn’t blow up the world.

然而，諾蘭承認他編造了一個兩人的關鍵場景：有一次，奧本海默就洛斯阿拉莫斯團隊的計算問題向沉默寡言的愛因斯坦尋求建議，該計算表明三位一體試驗是可控的，不會把整個世界毀滅。

“It wasn’t Einstein who Oppenheimer went to consult about it,” Nolan said in a recent interview. “It was Arthur Compton, who directed an outpost of the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago. But I shifted that to Einstein.”

「在這個問題上，奧本海默請教的人並非愛因斯坦，」諾蘭在最近的一次採訪中說道。「他請教的是阿瑟·康普頓，曼哈頓計劃在芝加哥大學的辦事處負責人。但我換成了愛因斯坦。」

The film revolves around two committee hearings — one, in 1954, depicted in color and the other, in 1959, in black and white.

影片圍繞著兩次委員會聽證會展開——一次是在1954年，用彩色膠片拍攝，另一次是在1959年，用黑白膠片拍攝。

The first was a four-week secret meeting in which the Atomic Energy Commission deliberated on whether to revoke Oppenheimer’s security clearance. Amid a scare about Soviet technological advances, Oppenheimer’s possible links to left-wing causes had come under scrutiny, and Borden’s letter to Hoover provided the tipping point. When the commission chairman, Strauss, informed Oppenheimer that his security clearance had been suspended, Oppenheimer refused to resign and demanded a hearing from the commission’s Personnel Security Board.

第一次是為期四周的祕密會議，原子能委員會審議是否撤銷奧本海默的安全權限。在對蘇聯技術進步的恐慌中，奧本海默與左翼事業可能的聯繫受到了密切關注，而博登給胡佛的信成了轉折點。當委員會主席施特勞史東知奧本海默，他的安全權限已被暫停時，奧本海默拒絕辭職，並要求委員會的人事安全委員會舉行聽證會。

That hearing was one-sided from the beginning, with Oppenheimer’s lawyers barred from accessing confidential materials, while the commission’s prosecuting attorney had access to hundreds of wiretap recordings. Ultimately, the three-person board decided that Oppenheimer was a loyal citizen but that his security clearance should be rescinded.

那次聽證會從一開始就是一邊倒的，奧本海默的律師被禁止查閱機密材料，而委員會的檢察官可以查閱數百份竊聽錄音。最終，三人委員會做出決定：奧本海默是一名忠誠的公民，但他的安全權限應該被撤銷。

In 1959, the Senate held a hearing on Strauss’s nomination for commerce secretary, a heated process that Time magazine called “U.S. history’s bitterest battle over confirmation of a presidential nomination.” The nomination was rejected, in a 49-to-46 vote.

1959 年，參議院就施特勞斯的商務部長提名舉行聽證會，這一激烈的過程被《時代》雜誌稱為「美國歷史上最激烈的總統提名確認之戰」。提名以49票對46票被否決。

After losing his security clearance, Oppenheimer continued to teach and conduct research with the support of many in the scientific community, who saw him as a martyr. In 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson granted him the Enrico Fermi Award, which honors lifetime achievements in energy science.

在失去安全權限後，奧本海默在科學界許多人支持下繼續從事教學和研究，這些人視他為殉道者。1963年，林登·強生總統授予他恩裡科·費米獎，以表彰他在能源科學方面的終身成就。

In 1966, he retired from the Institute for Advanced Study and died from throat cancer the next year.

1966年，他從高等研究院退休，次年因咽喉癌去世。

In December 2022, a few days after a trailer for “Oppenheimer” was released, Energy Secretary Jennifer M. Granholm nullified the 1954 decision to revoke Oppenheimer’s clearance. She cited a “flawed process” that violated the Atomic Energy Commission’s own regulations.

2022年12月，在《奧本海默》的預告片發布幾天後，能源部長珍妮佛·格蘭霍姆宣布1954年撤銷奧本海默權限的決定無效。她聲稱那是一個「有缺陷的程序」，違反了原子能委員會自己的規定。

“More evidence has come to light of the bias and unfairness of the process that Dr. Oppenheimer was subjected to,” Granholm said, “while the evidence of his loyalty and love of country have only been further affirmed.”

「更多證據表明，奧本海默博士在審判過程中受到了偏見和不公平的對待，」格蘭霍姆說，「而他對國家的忠誠和熱愛的證據得到了進一步的肯定。」