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The Implementation of Simulation-Based Learning for Training Undergraduate Medical Students in Essential Surgical Care Across Sub-Saharan Africa: a Scoping Review

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Abstract

Much surgery in sub-Saharan Africa is provided by non-specialists who lack postgraduate surgical training. These can benefit from simulation-based learning (SBL) for essential surgery. Whilst SBL in high-income contexts, and for training surgical specialists, has been explored, SBL for surgical training during undergraduate medical education needs to be better defined. From 26 studies, we identify gaps in application of simulation to African undergraduate surgical education, including lack of published SBL for most (65%) World Bank–defined essential operations. Most SBL is recent (2017–2021), unsustained, occurs in Eastern Africa (78%), and can be enriched by improving content, participant spread, and collaborations.

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Funding

There was no funding obtained for this research. Barnabas Alayande is a current Fogarty Global Health Fellow supported by the Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Mental Health, of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number D43 TW010543.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Equity in Global Surgery, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda

    Barnabas T. Alayande, Callum Forbes, Ornella Masimbi, Natnael Shimelash, Robert R. Riviello & Abebe Bekele

  2. Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Barnabas T. Alayande, Callum Forbes, Matthew T. Hey & Robert R. Riviello

  3. Surgical Equity and Research Center, Jos, Nigeria

    Paul Kingpriest

  4. Department of Surgery, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

    Felix Wina

  5. Research and Patient Outcomes, College of Surgeons of East Central and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania

    Godfrey Sama Philipo

  6. Department of Surgery, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

    Egide Abahuje

  7. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Egide Abahuje

  8. Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, USA

    Jamie M. Robertson

  9. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

    Jamie M. Robertson

  10. Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Jamie M. Robertson & Robert R. Riviello

  11. Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

    Steven Yule

  12. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Robert R. Riviello

  13. School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Abebe Bekele

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  1. Barnabas T. Alayande
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Contributions

Contributions of authors using the CRediT author statement: Conceptualization: BA, JMR, SY, RRR, AB, Methodology: BA, EA, Formal analysis: BA, CF, OM, PK, Investigation: BA, CF, OM, PK, Validation: BA, CF, OM, PK, FW, RRR, AB, Resources: CF, BA, Writing — original draft: BA, CF, Writing — review and editing: BA, CF, OM, PK, NS, FW, MTH, GSP, EA, JMR, SY, RRR, AB, Visualization: BA, CF, Project administration: BA, PK, MTH, Supervision: EA, JMR, SY, RRR, AB. Robert R. Riviello and Abebe Bekele are co-senior authors.

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Correspondence to Barnabas T. Alayande.

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Alayande, B.T., Forbes, C., Masimbi, O. et al. The Implementation of Simulation-Based Learning for Training Undergraduate Medical Students in Essential Surgical Care Across Sub-Saharan Africa: a Scoping Review. Med.Sci.Educ. 34, 237–256 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-023-01898-6

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