🌐 AI搜索 & 代理 主页
Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Computerized cognitive training on touchscreen for elderly: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

  • Review
  • Published:
Save article
View saved research
GeroScience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An aging global population requires preventive and curative interventions to address cognitive decline. Touchscreen computerized cognitive training provides an engaging, portable, cost-effective, and accessible solution for seniors. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine, using meta-analysis, the effects of computerized cognitive training on older adults using touchscreens. We conducted a literature review to identify RCTs involving older adults in touchscreen computerized cognitive training between 2016 and January 2025 on PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Our research identified 34 studies involving 3,011 participants and, despite methodological variations, some of them assessed cognition using similar tests such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Digit Span (DS), and the Trail Making Test (TMT) task. Cross-study analysis indicated a significant impact of computerized cognitive training on MMSE, MoCA, GDS, TMT, and DS scores. Computerized cognitive training applied on touchscreens demonstrates a statistically significant effect on overall cognition, short-term memory, working memory, processing speed, attention, and flexibility. Nevertheless, future studies in this area need to be more standardized and more rigorous to demonstrate validating effects and establish an accessible attribution environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from €37.37 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Taiwan (R.O.C.))

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, books and news in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

Data availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. World Health Organization. Ageing and health; 2021. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health.

  2. Geneva: World Health Organization. Global status report on the public health response to dementia; 2021. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240033245

  3. American Society on Aging and MetLife Foundation. Attitudes and awareness of brain health poll. San Francisco, CA: American Society on Aging; 2006. Retrieved from https://brainhealthctr.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/brainhealthpoll.pdf

  4. Shin M, Lee A, Cho AY, Son M, Kim YH. Effects of process-based cognitive training on memory in the healthy elderly and patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Investig. 2020;17(8):751–61. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.0225.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Elboim-Gabyzon M, Weiss PL, Danial-Saad A. Effect of age on the touchscreen manipulation ability of community-dwelling adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):2094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042094.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Nouchi R, Saito T, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Small acute benefits of 4 weeks processing speed training games on processing speed and inhibition performance and depressive mood in the healthy elderly people: evidence from a randomized control trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00302.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Contador I, Bermejo-Pareja F, Mitchell AJ, Trincado R, Villarejo A, Sánchez-Ferro Á, et al. Cause of death in mild cognitive impairment: a prospective study (NEDICES). Eur J Neurol. 2014;21(2):253-e9. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chan PT, Chang WC, Chiu HL, Kao CC, Liu D, Chu H, et al. Effect of interactive cognitive-motor training on eye-hand coordination and cognitive function in older adults. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19(1):27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1029-y.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Baddeley A. Working memory: theories, models, and controversies. Annu Rev Psychol. 2012;63:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nguyen CM, Copeland CT, Lowe DA, Heyanka DJ, Linck JF. Contribution of executive functioning to instrumental activities of daily living in older adults. Appl Neuropsychol Adult, 2019;27(1-8). https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2018.1550408

  11. Abd-Alrazaq A, Ahmed A, Alali H, Aldardour AM, Househ M. The effectiveness of serious games on cognitive processing speed among older adults with cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR serious games. 2022;10(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/36754.

  12. Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M, Bennett D, Doody R, Ferris S, et al. Alzheimer’s disease cooperative study group. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(23):2379–88. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Winblad B, Gauthier S, Scinto L, Feldman H, Wilcock GK, Truyen L, et al. GAL-INT-11/18 study group. Safety and efficacy of galantamine in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2008;70(22):2024–35. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000303815.69777.26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Golomb J, Kluger A, Ferris SH. Mild cognitive impairment: historical development and summary of research. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2004;6(4):351–67. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2004.6.4/jgolomb.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Ballard C, Corbett A. Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. CNS Drugs. 2010;24(9):729–39. https://doi.org/10.2165/11319240-000000000-00000.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Reuter-Lorenz PA, Park DC. How does it STAC Up? Revisiting the scaffolding theory of aging and cognition. Neuropsychol Rev. 2014;24(3):355–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-014-9270-9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Li HJ, Hou XH, Liu HH, Yue CL, Lu GM, Zuo XN. Putting age-related task activation into large-scale brain networks: a meta-analysis of 114 fMRI studies on healthy aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;57:156–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Irazoki E, Contreras-Somoza LM, Toribio-Guzmán JM, Jenaro-Río C, van der Roest H, Franco-Martín MA. Technologies for cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Syst Rev Front Psychol. 2020;11:648. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Li HJ, Hou XH, Liu HH, Yue CL, Lu GM, Zuo XN. Putting age-related task activation into large-scale brain networks: a meta-analysis of 114 fMRI studies on healthy aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;57:156–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Yaakov S. Cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologia. 2009;47(10):2015–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sampedro-Piquero P, Begega A. Environmental enrichment as a positive behavioral intervention across the lifespan. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(4):459–70. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666160325115909.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gates N, Valenzuela M. Cognitive exercise and its role in cognitive function in older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12(1):20–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0085-y.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Wykes T, Huddy V, Cellard C, McGurk SR, Czobor P. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(5):472–85. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060855.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Reijnders J, van Heugten C, van Boxtel M. Cognitive interventions in healthy older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev. 2013;12(1):263–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2012.07.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Di Lorito C, Duff C, Rogers C, Tuxworth J, Bell J, Fothergill R, et al. Tele-rehabilitation for people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case-study from England. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041717.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Foroughi CK, Monfort SS, Paczynski M, McKnight PE, Greenwood PM. Placebo effects in cognitive training. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113(27):7470–4. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601243113.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Simons DJ, Boot WR, Charness N, Gathercole SE, Chabris CF, Hambrick DZ, et al. Do “brain-training” programs work? Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2016;17(3):103–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616661983.

  28. Miller KJ, Dye RV, Kim J, Jennings JL, O’Toole E, Wong J, et al. Effect of a computerized brain exercise program on cognitive performance in older adults. Am J Geriatric Psych Official J Am Assoc Geriatric Psych. 2013;21(7):655–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gates NJ, Vernooij RWM, Di Nisio M, Karim S, March E, Martínez G, et al. Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3(3):CD012279. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012279.pub2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Liapis J, Harding KE. Meaningful use of computers has a potential therapeutic and preventative role in dementia care: a systematic review. Australas J Ageing. 2017;36(4):299–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Meiland F, Innes A, Mountain G, Robinson L, van der Roest H, García-Casal JA, et al. Technologies to support community-dwelling persons with dementia: a position paper on issues regarding development, usability, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, deployment, and ethics. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol. 2017;4(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/rehab.6376.

  32. Ballesteros S, Kraft E, Santana S, Tziraki C. Maintaining older brain functionality: a targeted review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2015;55:453–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Shah TM, Weinborn M, Verdile G, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN. Enhancing cognitive functioning in healthy older adults: a systematic review of the clinical significance of commercially available computerized cognitive training in preventing cognitive decline. Neuropsychol Rev. 2017;27(1):62–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-016-9338-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Lampit A, Hallock H, Valenzuela M. Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effect modifiers. PLoS Med. 2014;11(11):e1001756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Ge S, Zhu Z, Wu B, McConnell ES. Technology-based cognitive training and rehabilitation interventions for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18(1):213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0893-1.

  36. Li R, Geng J, Yang R, Ge Y, Hesketh T. Effectiveness of computerized cognitive training in delaying cognitive function decline in people with mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2022;24(10). https://doi.org/10.2196/38624.

  37. Bottiroli S, Cavallini E. Can computer familiarity regulate the benefits of computer-based memory training in normal aging? A study with an Italian sample of older adults. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn Section B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2009;16(4):401–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580802691763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tak S. In quest of tablet apps for elders with Alzheimer’s disease: a descriptive review. Comput Inf Nursing CIN. 2022;39(7):347–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/CIN.0000000000000718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Dequanter S, Gagnon MP, Ndiaye MA, Gorus E, Fobelets M, Giguère A, et al. The effectiveness of e-health solutions for aging with cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Gerontologist. 2021;61(7):e373–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa065.

  40. Wang P, Fang Y, Qi JY, Li HJ. FISHERMAN: a serious game for executive function assessment of older adults. Assessment. 2022;30:10731911221105648. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221105648.

  41. Harvey PD, McGurk SR, Mahncke H, Wykes T. Controversies in computerized cognitive training. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018;3(11):907–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.06.008.

  42. Lampit A, Valenzuela M, Gates NJ. Computerized cognitive training is beneficial for older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(12):2610–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13825.

  43. Yeo PS, Nguyen TN, Ng MPE, Choo RWM, Yap PLK, Wee SL. Evaluation of the implementation and effectiveness of community-based brain-computer interface cognitive group training in healthy community-dwelling older adults: randomized controlled implementation trial. JMIR Format Res. 2021;5(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/25462.

  44. Nozawa T, Taki Y, Kanno A, Akimoto Y, Ihara M, Yokoyama R, et al. Effects of different types of cognitive training on cognitive function, brain structure, and driving safety in senior daily drivers: a pilot study. Behav Neurol. 2015;2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/525901.

  45. Voss MW, Erickson KI, Prakash RS, Chaddock L, Kim JS, Alves H, et al. Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults. Brain Behav Immun. 2013;28:90–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.021.

  46. Erickson KI, Miller DL, Roecklein KA. The aging hippocampus: interactions between exercise, depression, and BDNF. Neurosci Rev J Bringing Neurobiol Neurol Psych. 2011;18:82–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858410397054.

  47. Kalbe E, Bintener C, Ophey A, Reuter C, Göbel S, Klöters S, et al. Computerized cognitive training in healthy older adults: baseline cognitive level and subjective cognitive concerns predict training outcome. Health. 2018;10:20–55. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.101003.

  48. Oh SJ, Seo S, Lee JH, Song MJ, Shin MS. Effects of smartphone-based memory training for older adults with subjective memory complaints: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Mental Health. 2018;22(4):526–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1274373.

  49. Toril P, Reales JM, Ballesteros S. Video game training enhances cognition of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Aging. 2014;29(3):706–16. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037507.

  50. Laamarti F, Eid M, El Saddik A. An overview of serious games. Int J Comput Games Technol. 2014;706–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/358152.

  51. Savulich G, Piercy T, Fox C, Suckling J, Rowe JB, O’Brien JT, et al. Cognitive training using a novel memory game on an iPad in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2017;20(8):624–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx040.

  52. Groenewoud H, de Lange J, Schikhof Y, Astell A, Joddrell P, Goumans M. People with dementia playing casual games on a tablet. Gerontechnology. 2017;16:37–47. https://doi.org/10.4017/gt.2017.16.1.004.00.

  53. Cristina E, Almao C. Evaluating mobile apps designed for the elderly people based on available usability and accessibility guidelines; 2018.

  54. Jang H, Yeo M, Cho J, Kim S, Chin J, Kim HJ, et al. Effects of smartphone application-based cognitive training at home on cognition in community-dwelling non-demented elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2021;7(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12209.

  55. Brinke LFT, Davis JC, Barha CK, Liu-Ambrose T. Effects of computerized cognitive training on neuroimaging outcomes in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0529-x.

  56. Bo W, Lei M, Tao S, Jie LT, Qian L, Lin FQ, et al. Effects of combined intervention of physical exercise and cognitive training on cognitive function in stroke survivors with vascular cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2019;33(1):54–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215518791007.

  57. Yu R, Leung G, Woo J. Randomized controlled trial on the effects of a combined intervention of computerized cognitive training preceded by physical exercise for improving frailty status and cognitive function in older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(4):1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041396.

  58. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.

  59. Ballesteros S, Mayas J, Prieto A, Ruiz-Marquez E, Toril P, Reales JM. Effects of video game training on measures of selective attention and working memory in older adults: results from a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:354. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00354.

  60. Meltzer JA, Rose MK, Le AY, Spencer KA, Goldstein L, Gubanova A, et al. Improvement in executive function for older adults through smartphone apps: a randomized clinical trial comparing language learning and brain training. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2021;30(2):150–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2021.1991262.

  61. Baquero AAD, Bartolomé MVP, Toribio-Guzmán JM, Martínez-Abad F, Vidales EP, Aguado YB, et al. Determinants of adherence to a “GRADIOR” computer-based cognitive training program in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia. J Clin Med. 2022;11(6):1714. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061714.

  62. Payne BR, Stine-Morrow EAL. The effects of home-based cognitive training on verbal working memory and language comprehension in older adulthood. Front Aging Neurosci. 2017;9:256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00256.

  63. Turconi MM, Vella F, Mosetti F. Efficacy of tablet-based applications for mental training in preserving cognitive abilities of older adults. AboutOpen. 2019;6:24–30. https://doi.org/10.33393/abtpn.2019.282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Shatil E. Does combined cognitive training and physical activity training enhance cognitive abilities more than either alone? A four-condition randomized controlled trial among healthy older adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2013;5:8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00008.

  65. Turunen M, Hokkanen L, Bäckman L, Stigsdotter-Neely A, Hänninen T, Paajanen T, et al. Computer-based cognitive training for older adults: determinants of adherence. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219541.

  66. Sala G, Aksayli D, Tatlidil KS, Tatsumi T, Gondo Y, Gobet F. Near and far transfer in cognitive training: a second-order meta-analysis. Collabra: Psychol. 2019;5(18). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.203

  67. Zuelke AE, Riedel-Heller SG, Wittmann F, Pabst A, Roehr S, Luppa M. Gender-specific design and effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions against cognitive decline and dementia-protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0256826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256826.

  68. Wang L, Tian T. Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative. Gender differences in elderly with subjective cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:166. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2018.00166.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Blackwood J, Shubert T, Fogarty K, Chase C. The impact of a home-based computerized cognitive training intervention on fall risk measure performance in community dwelling older adults, a pilot study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2016;20(2):138–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0598-5.

  70. Teixeira-Santos AC, Moreira CS, Magalhães R, Magalhães C, Pereira DR, Leite J, et al. Reviewing working memory training gains in healthy older adults: a meta-analytic review of transfer for cognitive outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019;103:163–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.009.

  71. Olanrewaju O, Clare L, Barnes L, Brayne C. A multimodal approach to dementia prevention: a report from the Cambridge Institute of Public Health. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2015;1(3):151–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trci.2015.08.003.

  72. Ijsselsteijn WA, Nap HH, Kort Y, Poels K. Digital game design for elderly users. Conference on Future Play; 2007.

  73. Vermeir JF, White MJ, Johnson D, Crombez G, Van Ryckeghem DML. The effects of gamification on computerized cognitive training: systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Serious Games. 2020;8(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/18644.

  74. Hitch D, Swan J, Pattison R, Stefaniak R. Use of touchscreen tablet technology by people with dementia in homes: a scoping review. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng. 2017;31(4):2055668317733382. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055668317733382.

  75. Joddrell P, Astell AJ. Studies involving people with dementia and touchscreen technology: a literature review. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol. 2016;3(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/rehab.5788.

  76. Antonenko D, Fromm AE, Thams F, Kuzmina A, Backhaus M, Knochenhauer E, et al. Cognitive training and brain stimulation in patients with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer’s Res Therapy. 2024;16(1):6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-024-01381-3.

  77. Asada T, Tanaka M, Araki W, Jon Lebowitz A, Kakuma T. Efficacy and concurrent validity of computerized brain training based on everyday living (BTEL) based on instrumental activities of living for cognitively healthy old individuals: a preliminary study. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease JAD. 2024;99(2):549–58. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-231165.

  78. Baik JS, Min JH, Ko SH, Yun MS, Lee B, Kang NY, et al. Effects of home-based computerized cognitive training in community-dwelling adults with mild cognitive impairment. IEEE J Trans Eng Health Med. 2023;12:97–105. https://doi.org/10.1109/JTEHM.2023.3317189.

  79. Belleville S, Cuesta M, Bieler-Aeschlimann M, Giacomino K, Widmer A, Mittaz Hager AG, et al. Pre-frail older adults show improved cognition with StayFitLonger computerized home-based training: a randomized controlled trial. GeroScience. 2023;45(2):811–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-022-00674-5.

  80. Boujut A, Verty LV, Maltezos S, Lussier M, Mellah S, Bherer L, et al. Effects of computerized updating and inhibition training in older adults: the ACTOP three-arm randomized double-blind controlled trial. Front Neurol. 2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.606873.

  81. Brill E, Holfelder A, Falkner M, Krebs C, Brem AK, Klöppel S. Behavioural and neuronal substrates of serious game-based computerised cognitive training in cognitive decline: randomised controlled trial. BJPsych Open. 2024;10(6):e200. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2024.797.

  82. Callisaya ML, Jayakody O, Vaidya A, Srikanth V, Farrow M, Delbaere K. A novel cognitive-motor exercise program delivered via a tablet to improve mobility in older people with cognitive impairment - StandingTall Cognition and Mobility. Exp Gerontol. 2021;152:111434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111434.

  83. Cardullo, S. New frontiers in neuropsychology. The Padua Rehabilitation Tool: a new software for rehabilitation using touch-screen technology; 2017.

  84. Chae HJ, Lee SH. Effectiveness of the online-based comprehensive cognitive training application, smart brain, for community-dwelling older adults with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2024;60(3):423–32. https://doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.24.08043-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Contrada M, Arabia G, Vatrano M, Pucci C, Mantia I, Scarfone F, et al. Multidomain cognitive tele-neurorehabilitation training in long-term post-stroke patients: an RCT study. Brain Sci. 2025;15(2):145. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020145.

  86. Fabara-Rodríguez AC, García-Bravo C, García-Bravo S, Quirosa-Galán I, Rodríguez-Pérez MP, Pérez-Corrales J, et al. Quality-of-life- and cognitive-oriented rehabilitation program through NeuronUP in older people with Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Med. 2024;13(19):5982. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195982.

  87. Funghi G, Meli C, Cavagna A, Bisoffi L, Zappini F, Papagno C, et al. The Social and Cognitive Online Training (SCOT) project: a digital randomized controlled trial to promote socio-cognitive well-being in older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2024;122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2024.105405.

  88. Hicks C, Smith N, Ratanapongleka M, Menant J, Turner J, Lo J, Garcia J, Valenzuela M, Chaplin C, Delbaere K, Herber R, Sherrington C, Toson B, Lord S, Sturnieks D. smart\(\pm \)step exergame and seated computer brain training for preventing falls in community-dwelling older people: a 12-month randomised controlled trial; 2023. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2852524/v1.

  89. Jaeggi SM, Weaver AN, Carbone E, Trane FE, Smith-Peirce RN, Buschkuehl M, et al. EngAge – s metacognitive intervention to supplement working memory training: a feasibility study in older adults. Aging Brain. 2023;4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100083.

  90. Kang JM, Kim N, Yun SK, Seo HE, Bae JN, Kim WH, et al. Exploring transfer effects on memory and its neural mechanisms through a computerized cognitive training in mild cognitive impairment: randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriat Official J Japanese Psychogeriat Soc. 2024;24(5):1075–86. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.13161.

  91. Kao CC, Chiu HL, Liu D, Chan PT, Tseng IJ, Chen R, et al. Effect of interactive cognitive motor training on gait and balance among older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;82:121–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.015.

  92. Klaming L, Robbemond L, Lemmens P, Hart de Ruijter E. Digital compensatory cognitive training for older adults with memory complaints. Activities Adapt Aging. 2022;47(1):10–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924788.2022.2044989.

  93. Lee J, Kim J, Park A, Hong RK, Ko M, Heo M, et al. Efficacy of a mobile-based multidomain intervention to improve cognitive function and health-related outcomes among older Korean adults with subjective cognitive decline. J Alzheimer’s Disease JAD. 2023;93(4):1551–62. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221299.

  94. Lim EH, Kim DS, Won YH, Park SH, Seo JH, Ko MH, Kim GW. Effects of home based serious game training (brain talk\(^{\rm TM}\)) in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: randomized, a single-blind, controlled trial. Brain NeuroRehab, 2023;16(1):e4. https://doi.org/10.12786/bn.2023.16.e4.

  95. Meltzer JA, Kates Rose M, Le AY, Spencer KA, Goldstein L, Gubanova A, et al. Improvement in executive function for older adults through smartphone apps: a randomized clinical trial comparing language learning and brain training. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn Section B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2023;30(2):150–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2021.1991262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Mozafari M, Otaghi M, Paskseresht M, Vasiee A. Effect of video games on cognitive performance and problem-solving ability in the aged with cognitive dysfunction: a randomized clinical trial. Iranian J Med Sci. 2025;50(2):77–86. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijms.2024.101861.3452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Rai HK, Schneider J, Orrell M. An individual cognitive stimulation therapy app for people with dementia and carers: results from a feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT). Clin Interv Aging. 2021;16:2079–94. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S323994.

  98. Robert P, Manera V, Derreumaux A, Montesino FY, M., Leone, E., Fabre, R., & Bourgeois, J. Efficacy of a web app for cognitive training (MeMo) regarding cognitive and behavioral performance in people with neurocognitive disorders: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(3). https://doi.org/10.2196/17167.

  99. Givon Schaham N, Buckman Z, Rand D. TECH preserves global cognition of older adults with MCI compared with a control group: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024;36(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-023-02659-6.

  100. Sosa GW, Lagana L. The effects of video game training on the cognitive functioning of older adults: a community-based randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;80:20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.04.012.

  101. Sutton E, Catling J, Zanten JJCSVV, Segaert K. Practice makes perfect, but to what end? Computerised brain training has limited cognitive benefits in healthy ageing. Psychol Res. 2025;89(2):75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-025-02110-7.

  102. Tsiakiri A, Ioannidis P, Vlotinou P, Kokkotis C, Megagianni S, Toumaian M, Terzoudi K, Koutzmpi V, Despoti A, Megari K, Liozidou A, Kyriazidoy S, Vadikolias K, Tsapanou A. The role of a computerized cognitive intervention program on the neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitive impairment. Aging Med Healthcare, 2024;15:122-128. https://doi.org/10.33879/AMH.153.2023.01005.

  103. Yang HL, Chu H, Kao CC, Miao NF, Chang PC, Tseng P, et al. Construction and evaluation of multidomain attention training to improve alertness attention, sustained attention, and visual-spatial attention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(5):537–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5269.

  104. Yang H-L, Chu H, Kao C-C, Chiu H-L, Tseng I-J, Tseng P, et al. Development and effectiveness of virtual interactive working memory training for older people with mild cognitive impairment: a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing. 2019;48(4):519–25. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz029.

  105. Yow WQ, Sou KL, Wong AC. A novel dual-language touch-screen intervention to slow down cognitive decline in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Innov Aging. 2024;8(7):igae052. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae052.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors of this article would like to thank the University of Angers and Blue Metrics for funding this research on a PhD study program in Applied Science for the main author.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Blue Metrics, Saint-Barthélemy-d’Anjou, France

    Maxime Macé

  2. LERIA SFR Mathstic, University of Angers, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, Angers, France

    Tassadit Amghar

  3. LARIS SFR Mathstic, University of Angers, 62 Av. Notre-Dame du Lac, Angers, France

    Paul Richard

  4. LPPL SFR Confluence, University of Angers, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, Angers, France

    Emmanuelle Ménétrier

  5. LPPL, Nantes University, Univ Angers Laboratoire de psychologie des Pays de la Loire, F-44000, Nantes, France

    Frédérique Robin

Authors
  1. Maxime Macé
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tassadit Amghar
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul Richard
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Emmanuelle Ménétrier
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Frédérique Robin
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MM, writing; PR, supervision; TA, supervision; FR, supervision; EM, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maxime Macé.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The main author is a shareholder of a company working in the development and sale of touch table interfaces in healthcare.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Macé, M., Amghar, T., Richard, P. et al. Computerized cognitive training on touchscreen for elderly: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. GeroScience (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-026-02132-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Version of record:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-026-02132-y

Keywords