Editorial board

Senior Editor

Assistant Editors

• Preeti Godara MSc

  Springer Nature (India), Pune, India
• Saylee Shendge MSc

  Springer Nature (India), Pune, India
• Utkarsha Sonawane MSc

  Springer Nature (India), Pune, India

Section Editors

• Sameen Abbas MPhil ,PhD

  Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
• Oluwafemi Adeagbo PhD, MA

  Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
• Eman Allam BDS, MSc, PhD, MPH

  Research and Graduate Studies Department, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Marco Dettori DSci (Biol)

  University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
• Shazia Jamshed PhD

  Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
• Myung-Bae Park PhD

  Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
• Ruoyu Wang PhD

  Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
• Edyta Łuszczki DSc, PhD

  Faculty of Health Sciences and Psychology, Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland

Editorial Board Members

• Aniekan Abasiattai MBBCh

  University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
• Raheema Abdul Raheem PhD

  Maldives National University, Malé, Maldives
• Devaraj Acharya PhD

  Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
• Kishor Adhikari PhD

  Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur, Nepal
• Cristina Agusti MSci, PhD

  Center for Epidemiological Studies on Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Madrid, Spain
• Tunde A Alabi PhD

  University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
• Abdulaziz H Alhazmi, Dr. med., MSc

  Jazan University, Gazan, Saudi Arabia
• Ömer Alkan PhD

  Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
• Hatim Almahdi PhD

  King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
• Rafi Mahmoud Alnjadat PhD

  Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt, Jordan
• Hajar Y Alqahtani PharmD

  King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Basil Alzougool PhD

  Arab Open University, Al Farwānīyah, Kuwait
• Kafayat Aminu PhD

  University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
• Jimoh Amzat PhD

  Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
• Sedat Arslan PhD

  Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bursa Uludağ Üni̇versi̇tesi̇, Bursa, Türkiye
• Omneya Attallah PhD

  Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
• Emmanuel Baja ScD

  University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
• K Shuvo Bakar BS, MS, PhD

  The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
• Valentina Baldini, Dr. med.

  University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
• Cynthia Baltazar BSc, MPH, MSc, PhD

  National Institute of Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
• Gia Elise Barboza-Salerno MA, MSc, JD, PhD

  The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
• Amen Ahmed Bawazir PhD

  Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Roberto Benoni MD

  Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
• Finaba Berete PhD

  Sciensano (Belgium), Brussels, Belgium
• Garima Bhatt MPH, PhD

  University of York, York, United Kingdom
• Samit Bhattacharyya PhD

  Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, India
• Michael Boah MPH, BSc, PhD

  University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
• Francesca Borghi PhD

  University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
• Amy M Burdette PhD

  Florida State University, Tallahassee, United States
• Guglielmo Campus PhD

  Department of Cariology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
• Marcia Carneiro, Dr. med., PhD

  Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
• Mei Chan PhD

  UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
• Marie Chan Sun PhD

  University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius
• Ravendra Pratap Singh Chauhan PhD

  University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
• Ram Pratap Chauhan PhD

  Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
• Zviiteyi Chazuka BSc, MSc, PhD

  University College London, London, United Kingdom
• Havagiray Revanappa Chitme MPH, PhD

  Amity University, Noida, India
• Ivy Chumo PhD

  African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
• Fausto Ciccacci MD, PhD

  Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
• Lydia Collison MSc,FHEA, PhD

  University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
• Luana Conte PhD

  Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
• Teguh Dartanto PhD

  University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
• Kaustav Das PhD

  Bangabasi College, Kolkata, India
• Ebuka David PhD

  Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Nigeria
• Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes PhD

  Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias México, Tlalpan, Mexico
• Prem Davis MBBS, MS

  Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
• Maria Antonia De Francesco PhD

  University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
• Mehmet Demirci PhD

  Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Türkiye
• Adilson José Depina PhD

  CCS-SIDA/Ministry of Health, Cabo Verde
• Bibha Dhungel, DrPH

  The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
• Xiao-Rong Ding PhD

  University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
• Keren Dopelt PhD

  Department of Public Health, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashqelon, Israel
• Szymon Dragan MD, PhD, DSc

  Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
• Frederick Dun-Dery BSc, Mphil, PhD

  University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
• Tafadzwa Dzinamarira PhD

  University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
• Mohamed Elhakim BM BCh, MSc

  World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt
• Egbe Etowa MSc, PhD

  Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
• Olusegun Sunday Ewemooje PhD

  University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
• Filippo F Familiari, Dr. med.

  Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
• Yi Fan PhD

  West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
• Fayssal Mostafa Farahat PhD

  King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
• Aline Ferreira PhD

  Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Guangtao Fu PhD

  Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
• Wan Ying Gan BSc,PhD

  Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
• Rakhi Gaur PhD

  All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, India
• Lin Ge PhD

  Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, United States
• Tingting Geng MPH, PhD

  Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
• Abraham Geremew PhD

  School of Environmental Health, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
• Saruna Ghimire MPH, PhD

  Miami University, Oxford, United States
• Aderajew Mekonnen Girmay PhD

  Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
• Krushna Chandra Gouda MCA, MPhil, MSc, PhD

  Fourth Paradigm Institute, Bengaluru, India
• Claire Griffiths PhD

  Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
• Kabiru Abubakar Gulma BSc, MSc, MBA, PhD

  Euclid University, Banjul, The Gambia
• Kylie Gwynne PhD

  The Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Australia
• Toan Ha, DrPH, MD, MIH

  School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
• Syed Muhammad Zeeshan Haider Hamdani BA, MSc, PhD

  Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
• Md Zabir Hasan PhD

  Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
• Jintao He PhD

  Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
• Antonia Herrera-Ortiz BA, MSc, PhD

  Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
• Su Hong PhD

  The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
• Susan C Hu PhD

  National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
• Yun Huang PhD

  Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
• Xinqi Huang PhD

  Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
• Zain Hussain, Dr. med.

  Department of Radiology, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, United States; Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
• Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal PhD

  Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India
• Md. Rabiul Islam PhD

  BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Muhammad Ittefaq PhD

  James Madison University, Harrisonburg, United States
• Yogesh Kumar Jain MPH, PhD

  All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India
• Anila Jaleel MD, PhD

  Department of Biochemistry, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
• Chunrong Jia PhD

  University of Memphis, Memphis, United States
• Liang Jin, Dr. med.

  Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, China
• Sayooj Aby Jose PhD

  Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
• Prof Md. Kamrujjaman PhD

  University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
• Sunjoo Kang PhD

  Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
• Thandi Kapwata BSc, MSc, PhD

  South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
• Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska MSc, MD, PhD

  Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
• Humphrey Karamagi, DrPH

  London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
• Angga Prawira Kautsar PhD

  Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
• Mukesh Kumar PhD

  Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
• Shyamsunder Kumawat MSc, PhD

  SRM University, Sonīpat, India
• Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez PhD

  Universidad de León, León, Spain
• Tammy Leonard BSc, MSc, PhD

  The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
• Xin Li PhD

  West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
• Yohwan Lim, Dr. med., PhD

  Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, South Korea
• Prof Zeye Liu PhD

  Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
• Kun Liu PhD

  Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
• He Liu MSc

  University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
• Sofia Lopes PhD

  Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
• Dan Lupu, Dr. oec.

  Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
• Benett Madonsela PhD

  Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
• Ivan Marbaniang BM BCh, MPH, PhD

  McGill University, Montreal, Canada
• Phillip Marotta PhD, MSW, MPH

  George Warren Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, United States
• Anne Martin BSc, MSc, PhD

  University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
• Roy Marzo BSBio, MPH, CeMBA, PGCTM, DPCOM, FRSPH, MD

  Curtin University Sarawak, Miri, Malaysia
• Ioannis Asterios Mavroudis PhD

  Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
• Innocent Mboya BA, MSc, PhD

  Lund University, Lund, Sweden
• Enkeleint A. Mechili PhD

  University of Vlora "Ismail Qemali", Vlorë, Albania
• Susan Michaels-Strasser MPH, MSN, RN, PhD

  Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
• Tatiana Minari, Dr. med., MSc, PhD

  Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
• Tatyana Mollayeva MD, PhD

  University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
• Marco Morales Osorio PhD

  San Sebastián University, Concepción, Chile
• Isabelle Munyangaju BM BCh, MBA, MSc

  Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
• Patience Muwanguzi BSN, PGD, MSN, MSc, CEB, PhD

  University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
• Prithiviraj Nagarajan PhD

  Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry, India
• Quan K Nguyen MPH, MD

  VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
• Eduardo Nilson BSc, PGCert, DSc(Global Health)

  Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Apeksha Niraula, Dr. med.

  Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
• Giulio Nittari PhD

  Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
• Fergus O'Connor PhD

  Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
• Bogdan Oancea PhD

  University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
• Iyabo Obasanjo DVM, PhD

  University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, United States
• Ismail Odetokun PhD, DVM, MVPH, FCVSN

  University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
• Hilary Okagbue PhD

  Sydani Institute for Research and Innovation, Abuja, Nigeria
• Tasuku Okui PhD

  Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
• Nene Okunna MD, PhD

  West Chester University, West Chester, United States
• Leandro Machado Oliveira PhD, DDS, MSc

  Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
• Semeeh Omoleke BCL, BM BCh, MPH, PhD

  World Health Organization - Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
• Juan Antonio Ortega-García PhD, MD

  Prof, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
• Frank Osei PhD

  University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
• Edmund Ossai MSc, MBBS

  Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
• Nicolas Padilla-Raygoza DSc

  Institute of Public Health from Guanajuato State, Mexico
• Bunga Astria Paramashanti PhD

  National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
• Naiya Patel PhD

  University of Louisville, Louisville, United States
• Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi MPH, PhD

  Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel
• Jagadeesh Puvvula PharmD, MPH, PhD

  University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
• Xiang Qi PhD

  New York University, New York, United States
• Jianchao Quan BM BCh, MEcon, MPH, MD

  University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
• Owais Raza MBBS, PhD

  Buffett Early Childhood Institute, University of Nebraska, United States
• Zypher Jude Regencia PhD

  De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
• Mohammad Ebad Ur Rehman MBBS

  Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
• Giovanna Ricci DR, MA, Phd

  Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy
• Silvia Riva DClinPsych, PhD

  St Mary's University Twickenham London, London, United Kingdom
• Piotr Romaniuk PhD

  Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
• Himanshu Sekhar Rout MA, MPhil, PhD

  Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
• Dev Roychowdhury DPsych

  University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
• Yassine Sabbar PhD

  Université Moulay Ismail de Meknes, Meknes, Morocco
• Subhashis Sahu PhD

  Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
• Jacksaint Saintila PhD

  Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
• Omar Enzo Santangelo MD

  Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriale Lodi, Lodi, Italy
• Douglas Santos PhD

  Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
• Lawrence Sao Babawo PhD

  Eastern Technical University of Sierra Leone, Kenema, Sierra Leone
• Raju Sarkar B.Ed, MPS, MA/MSc, PhD

  Institute of Public Health Bengaluru, Bengaluru, India
• Pulak Sharma MBBS, MS

  Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
• Sachin Shinde MA, MPA, PhD

  Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
• Sheikh Shoib, Dr. med.

  Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
• Wejdan Shroukh PhD

  Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
• Gizeaddis Lamesgin Simegn BSc, MSc, PhD

  Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, United States
• Taru Singh PhD

  Amity University, Noida, India
• Yaser Snoubar PhD

  Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
• Oluwajimi Sodipo MBBS

  Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria
• Haifeng Song, Dr. med., PhD

  Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
• Andrea Spinazzè PhD

  University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
• Zhanhao Su, Dr. med., PhD

  Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
• Xiaodong Sun PhD

  Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
• Charin Suwanwong PhD

  Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
• Jabeen Taiba PhD

  University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States
• Chin Xuan Tan PhD

  Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
• Luana Fiengo Tanaka MSc, PhD

  Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Nuremberg, Germany
• Ruoliang Tang PhD

  Colorado State University, Fort Collins, United States
• Baoxin Tao PhD

  Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
• Lambed Tatah PhD

  MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
• Paraskevi Theofilou PhD, PhD

  General Hospital of Thoracic Diseases SOTIRIA, Hellenic Open University, Pátrai, Greece
• Konstantinos Vasileiou BSc, MSc, PhD

  Department Of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Pátrai, Greece
• Sameera Viswakula BSc, MSc, PhD

  Department of Statistics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
• Ruo Wang MD

  Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
• Ziheng Wang MD

  University of Macau, Macao, Macao
• Elliott Weinstein MPH, PhD

  Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
• Bo Wen PhD

  Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
• Ying Xiong PhD

  Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
• Jingyi Xu PhD

  Peking University, Beijing, China
• R. Andrew Yockey PhD

  University of Mississippi, Oxford, United States
• Jayson Hongjie Yu PhD

  Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
• Bayram Yüksel PhD

  Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye
• Hanxi Zhang MD, PhD

  Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
• Yanbo Zhang PhD

  Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
• Zhijie Zhang PhD

  Fudan University, Shanghai, China
• Lin Zhang PhD

  Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
• Yvan Zolo MSc, MD

  University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
• Jovan Zubovic PhD

  Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia